# Table of modified RNA bases from the Modomics database (http://modomics.genesilico.pl/). # Reference: # Pietro Boccaletto, Magdalena A. Machnicka, Elzbieta Purta, Paweł Piątkowski, Błażej Bagiński, Tomasz K. Wirecki, Valérie de Crécy-Lagard, Robert Ross, Patrick A. Limbach, Annika Kotter, Mark Helm: "MODOMICS: a database of RNA modification pathways. 2017 update". Nucleic Acids Research 2017, 02 November, gkx1030, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx1030 # Data used with permission. name short_name new_nomenclature originating_base rnamods_abbrev html_abbrev formula monoisotopic_mass average_mass 1,2′-O-dimethyladenosine m1Am 01A A œ œ C12O4N5H17 295.1281 295.2989 1,2′-O-dimethylguanosine m1Gm 01G G ε ε C12O5N5H17 311.123 311.2977 1,2′-O-dimethylinosine m1Im 019A A ξ ξ C12O5N4H16 296.1121 296.2835 1-methyl-3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)pseudouridine m1acp3Y 1309U U α α C14O8N3H21 359.1329 359.3366 1-methyladenosine m1A 1A A " " C11O4N5H15 281.1124 281.2719 1-methylguanosine m1G 1G G K K C11O5N5H15 297.1073 297.2712 1-methylinosine m1I 19A A O O C11O5N4H14 282.0964 282.2565 1-methylpseudouridine m1Y 19U U ] ] C10O6N2H14 258.0852 258.2313 2,8-dimethyladenosine m2,8A 28A A ± ± C12H17N5O4 295.1281 295.2983 2-methylthiomethylenethio-N6-isopentenyl-adenosine msms2i6A A £ £ C17H25N5O4S2 427.1347 427.54 2-geranylthiouridine ges2U 21U U Γ Γ C19H28N2O5S 396.1719 396.5078 2-lysidine k2C 21C C } } C15O6N5H25 371.1805 371.3944 2-methyladenosine m2A 2A A / / C11O4N5H15 281.1124 281.2719 2-methylthio cyclic N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine ms2ct6A 2164A A ÿ ÿ C17H21N5O7S 439.1162 439.4429 2-methylthio-N6-(cis-hydroxyisopentenyl) adenosine ms2io6A 2160A A ≠ ≠ C16O5N5H23S1 397.142 397.4546 2-methylthio-N6-hydroxynorvalylcarbamoyladenosine ms2hn6A 2163A A ≈ ≈ C17O8N6H24S1 472.1376 472.4782 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenosine ms2i6A 2161A A * * C16O4N5H23S1 381.1471 381.4553 2-methylthio-N6-methyladenosine ms2m6A 621A A ∞ ∞ C12O4N5H17S1 327.1001 327.3633 2-methylthio-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine ms2t6A 2162A A [ [ C16O8N6H22S1 458.122 458.4512 2-selenouridine se2U 20U U ω ω C9O5N2H12Se1 305.9919 306.1221 2-thio-2′-O-methyluridine s2Um 02U U ∏ ∏ C10O5N2H14S1 274.0623 274.2964 2-thiocytidine s2C 2C C % % C9O4N3H13S1 259.0627 259.2848 2-thiouridine s2U 2U U 2 2 C9O5N2H12S1 260.0467 260.2694 2′-O-methyladenosine Am 0A A : : C11O4N5H15 281.1124 281.2719 2′-O-methylcytidine Cm 0C C B B C10O5N3H15 257.1012 257.2467 2′-O-methylguanosine Gm 0G G # # C11O5N5H15 297.1073 297.2712 2′-O-methylinosine Im 09A A ≤ ≤ C11O5N4H14 282.0964 282.2565 2′-O-methylpseudouridine Ym 09U U Z Z C10O6N2H14 258.0852 258.2313 2′-O-methyluridine Um 0U U J J C10O6N2H14 258.0852 258.2313 2′-O-methyluridine 5-oxyacetic acid methyl ester mcmo5Um 0503U U Ͽ Ͽ C13H18N2O9 346.292 346.1012 2′-O-ribosyladenosine (phosphate) Ar(p) 00A A ^ ˆ C15O11N5H22P1 479.1053 479.3408 2′-O-ribosylguanosine (phosphate) Gr(p) 00G G ℑ ℑ C15O12N5H22P1 495.1003 495.3401 2′3′-cyclic phosphate end (pN)2′3′>p 3377N pppN None None 2′-O-Methyl-5-hydroxymethylcytidine hm5Cm C ¡ ¡ C11H17N3O6 287.1117 287.272 3,2′-O-dimethyluridine m3Um 03U U σ σ C11O6N2H16 272.1008 272.2583 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5,6-dihydrouridine acp3D 308U U Ð Ð C13H21N3O8 347.1329 347.3252 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)pseudouridine acp3Y 309U U Þ Þ C13H19N3O8 345.1172 345.3093 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine acp3U 30U U X X C13O8N3H19 345.1172 345.3096 3-methylcytidine m3C 3C C ' ' C10O5N3H15 257.1012 257.2467 3-methylpseudouridine m3Y 39U U κ κ C10O6N2H14 258.0852 258.2313 3-methyluridine m3U 3U U δ δ C10O6N2H14 258.0852 258.2313 4-demethylwyosine imG-14 4G G † † C13O5N5H15 321.1073 321.2933 4-thiouridine s4U 74U U 4 4 C9O5N2H12S1 260.0467 260.2694 5,2′-O-dimethylcytidine m5Cm 05C C τ τ C11O5N3H17 271.1168 271.2737 5,2′-O-dimethyluridine m5Um 05U U \ \ C11O6N2H16 272.1008 272.2583 5-(carboxyhydroxymethyl)-2′-O-methyluridine methyl ester mchm5Um 0522U U b b C13H18N2O9 346.1012 346.294 5-(carboxyhydroxymethyl)uridine methyl ester mchm5U 522U U , , C12O9N2H16 332.0856 332.2672 5-(isopentenylaminomethyl)-2-thiouridine inm5s2U 2583U U ½ ½ C15H23N3O5S 357.1358 357.4308 5-(isopentenylaminomethyl)-2′-O-methyluridine inm5Um 0583U U ¼ ¼ C16H25N3O6 355.1743 355.3911 5-(isopentenylaminomethyl)uridine inm5U 583U U ¾ ¾ C15H23N3O6 341.1587 341.3642 5-aminomethyl-2-geranylthiouridine nm5ges2U 21510U U Δ Δ C20H31N3O5S 425.1984 425.5494 5-aminomethyl-2-selenouridine nm5se2U 20510U U π π C10O5N3H15Se1 337.0176 336.2032 5-aminomethyl-2-thiouridine nm5s2U 2510U U ∫ ∫ C10O5N3H15S1 289.0732 289.3111 5-aminomethyluridine nm5U 510U U ∪ ∪ C10O6N3H15 273.0961 273.246 5-carbamoylhydroxymethyluridine nchm5U 531U U r r C11H15N3O8 317.0859 317.2555 5-carbamoylmethyl-2-thiouridine ncm5s2U 253U U l l C11H15N3O6S 317.0681 317.3227 5-carbamoylmethyl-2′-O-methyluridine ncm5Um 053U U ~ ∼ C12O7N3H17 315.1066 315.2833 5-carbamoylmethyluridine ncm5U 53U U & & C11O7N3H15 301.091 301.2563 5-carboxyhydroxymethyluridine chm5U 520U U ≥ ≥ C11O9N2H14 318.0699 318.2403 5-carboxymethyl-2-thiouridine cm5s2U 2540U U ℘ ℘ C11O7N2H14S1 318.0522 318.306 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl-2-geranylthiouridine cmnm5ges2U 2151U U f f C22H33N3O7S 483.2039 483.586 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl-2-selenouridine cmnm5se2U 2051U U ⊥ ⊥ C12O7N3H17Se1 393.0239 393.2003 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine cmnm5s2U 251U U $ $ C12O7N3H17S1 347.0787 347.3477 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl-2′-O-methyluridine cmnm5Um 051U U ) ) C13O8N3H19 345.1172 345.3096 5-carboxymethylaminomethyluridine cmnm5U 51U U ! ! C12O8N3H17 331.1016 331.2826 5-carboxymethyluridine cm5U 52U U ◊ ◊ C11O8N2H14 302.075 302.241 5-cyanomethyluridine cnm5U 55U U Ѷ Ѷ C11H13N3O6 283.0804 283.2408 5-formyl-2′-O-methylcytidine f5Cm 071C C ° ° C11O6N3H15 285.0961 285.257 5-formylcytidine f5C 71C C > > C10O6N3H13 271.0804 271.2301 5-hydroxycytidine ho5C 50C C Ç Ç C9H13N3O6 259.0804 259.2188 5-hydroxymethylcytidine hm5C 51C C ∅ ∅ C10O6N3H15 273.0961 273.246 5-hydroxyuridine ho5U 50U U ∝ ∝ C9O7N2H12 260.0645 260.2036 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine mcm5s2U 2521U U 3 3 C12O7N2H16S1 332.0678 332.333 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2′-O-methyluridine mcm5Um 0521U U ∩ ∩ C13O8N2H18 330.1063 330.2949 5-methoxycarbonylmethyluridine mcm5U 521U U 1 1 C12O8N2H16 316.0907 316.2679 5-methoxyuridine mo5U 501U U 5 5 C10O7N2H14 274.0801 274.2306 5-methyl-2-thiouridine m5s2U 25U U F F C10O5N2H14S1 274.0623 274.2964 5-methylaminomethyl-2-geranylthiouridine mnm5ges2U 21511U U h h C21H33N3O5S 439.2141 439.5762 5-methylaminomethyl-2-selenouridine mnm5se2U 20511U U ≅ ≅ C11O5N3H17Se1 349.0341 349.1905 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine mnm5s2U 2511U U S S C11O5N3H17S1 303.0889 303.3381 5-methylaminomethyluridine mnm5U 511U U { { C11O6N3H17 287.1117 287.273 5-methylcytidine m5C 5C C ? ? C10O5N3H15 257.1012 257.2467 5-methyldihydrouridine m5D 58U U ρ ρ C10O6N2H16 260.1008 260.2473 5-methyluridine m5U 5U U T T C10O6N2H14 258.0852 258.2313 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine tm5s2U 254U U ∃ ∃ C12O8N3H19S2 397.0614 397.4274 5-taurinomethyluridine tm5U 54U U Ê Ê C12O9N3H19S1 381.0842 381.3623 5′ (3′ -dephospho-CoA) CoA(pN) 455N pppN ♠ ♠ C21H32N7O13P2S 684.1254 684.538 5′ (3′ -dephosphoacetyl-CoA) acCoA(pN) 4155N pppN ♣ ♣ C22H40N7O15P2S 736.1778 736.6113 5′ (3′ -dephosphomalonyl-CoA) malonyl-CoA(pN) 4255N pppN ♥ ♥ C23H40N7O17P2S 780.1676 780.6211 5′ (3′ -dephosphosuccinyl-CoA) succinyl-CoA(pN) 4355N pppN ♦ ♦ C24H41N7O17P2S 793.1755 793.6316 5′ diphosphate end p(pN) 552N pppN ϒ ϒ PO3 78.9585 78.972 5′ hydroxyl end 5′-OH-N 550N pppN None None 5′ monophosphate end (pN) N pppN m m C5H7O10P2 288.9514 289.0521 5′ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD(pN) 255N pppN Ξ Ξ C21H25N7O14P2 661.0935 661.4158 5′ triphosphate end pp(pN) 553N pppN ϖ ϖ P2O6 157.917 157.9439 7-aminocarboxypropyl-demethylwyosine yW-86 47G G ¥ ¥ C17O7N6H22 422.155 422.3986 7-aminocarboxypropylwyosine yW-72 347G G Ω Ω C18O7N6H24 436.1706 436.4256 7-aminocarboxypropylwyosine methyl ester yW-58 348G G ⇑ ⇑ C19O7N6H26 450.1863 450.4525 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanosine preQ1tRNA 101G preQ0base ∉ ∉ C12O5N5H17 311.123 311.2982 7-cyano-7-deazaguanosine preQ0tRNA 100G preQ0base φ φ C12O5N5H13 307.0917 307.2663 7-methylguanosine m7G 7G G 7 7 C11O5N5H17 299.123 299.2867 7-methylguanosine cap (cap 0) m7Gpp(pN) 79553N pppN © © C11H15N5O11P2 455.0243 455.2147 8-methyladenosine m8A 8A A â â C11O4N5H15 281.1124 281.2719 N2,2′-O-dimethylguanosine m2Gm 02G G γ γ C12O5N5H17 311.123 311.2982 N2,7,2′-O-trimethylguanosine m2,7Gm 027G G æ æ C13H21N5O5 327.1543 327.3404 N2,7-dimethylguanosine m2,7G 27G G ∨ ∨ C12O5N5H19 313.1386 313.3136 N2,7-dimethylguanosine cap (cap DMG) m2,7Gpp(pN) 279553N pppN ® ® C12H17N5O11P2 469.04 469.2416 N2,N2,2′-O-trimethylguanosine m2,2Gm 022G G | | C13O5N5H19 325.1386 325.3252 N2,N2,7-trimethylguanosine m2,2,7G 227G G ∠ ∠ C13O5N5H21 327.1543 327.3404 N2,N2,7-trimethylguanosine cap (cap TMG) m2,2,7Gpp(pN) 2279553N pppN ¶ ¶ C13H19N5O11P2 483.0556 483.2685 N2,N2-dimethylguanosine m2,2G 22G G R R C12O5N5H17 311.123 311.2982 N2-methylguanosine m2G 2G G L L C11O5N5H15 297.1073 297.2712 N4,2′-O-dimethylcytidine m4Cm 04C C λ λ C11O5N3H17 271.1168 271.2737 N4,N4,2′-O-trimethylcytidine m4,4Cm 044C C β β C12O5N3H19 285.1325 285.3007 N4,N4-dimethylcytidine m4,4C 44C C μ μ C11O5N3H17 271.1168 271.2737 N4-acetyl-2′-O-methylcytidine ac4Cm 042C C ℵ ℵ C12O6N3H17 299.1117 299.284 N4-acetylcytidine ac4C 42C C M M C11O6N3H15 285.0961 285.257 N4-methylcytidine m4C 4C C ν ν C10O5N3H15 257.1012 257.2467 N6,2′-O-dimethyladenosine m6Am 06A A χ χ C12O4N5H17 295.1281 295.2989 N6,N6,2′-O-trimethyladenosine m6,6Am 066A A η η C13O4N5H19 309.1437 309.3259 N6,N6-dimethyladenosine m6,6A 66A A ζ ζ C12O4N5H17 295.1281 295.2989 N6-(cis-hydroxyisopentenyl)adenosine io6A 60A A ` ` C15O5N5H21 351.1543 351.3632 N6-acetyladenosine ac6A 64A A ⇓ ⇓ C12O5N5H15 309.1073 309.2822 N6-formyladenosine f6A 67A A Ϩ Ϩ C11H13N5O5 295.0917 295.2549 N6-glycinylcarbamoyladenosine g6A 65A A ≡ ≡ C13O7N6H16 368.108 368.3066 N6-hydroxymethyladenosine hm6A 68A A Ϫ Ϫ C11H15N5O5 297.1073 297.2708 N6-hydroxynorvalylcarbamoyladenosine hn6A 63A A √ √ C16O8N6H22 426.1499 426.3868 N6-isopentenyladenosine i6A 61A A + + C15O4N5H21 335.1594 335.3639 N6-methyl-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine m6t6A 662A A E E C16O8N6H22 426.1499 426.3868 N6-methyladenosine m6A 6A A = = C11O4N5H15 281.1124 281.2719 N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine t6A 62A A 6 6 C15O8N6H20 412.1343 412.3598 Qbase Qbase 10G (base) preQ0base ∴ ∴ C12O3N5H15 277.1175 277.2836 adenosine A A A A A C10O4N5H13 267.0968 267.2449 agmatidine C+ 20C C ¿ ¿ C14H25N7O4 355.1968 355.3973 alpha-dimethylmonophosphate cap mm(pN) 2551N pppN C7H14O10P2 320.0062 320.1297 alpha-methylmonophosphate cap m(pN) 1551N pppN C6H12O10P2 305.9906 306.1028 archaeosine G+ 103G preQ0base ( ( C12H16N6O5 324.1182 324.2965 cyclic N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine ct6A 69A A e e C15O7N6H18 394.1237 394.3442 cytidine C C C C C C9O5N3H13 243.0855 243.2197 dihydrouridine D 8U U D D C9O6N2H14 246.0852 246.2203 epoxyqueuosine oQtRNA 102G preQ0base ς ς C17O8N5H23 425.1547 425.3991 galactosyl-queuosine galQtRNA 104G preQ0base 9 9 C23O12N5H33 571.2126 571.5423 gamma-methyltriphosphate cap mpp(pN) 1553N pppN § § CH3O6P2 172.9405 172.9787 glutamyl-queuosine gluQtRNA 105G preQ0base ⊄ ⊄ C22O10N6H30 538.2023 538.5155 guanosine G G G G G C10O5N5H13 283.0917 283.2442 guanosine added to any nucleotide pG(pN) GN pppN none none C10H13N5O8P 362.0502 362.2159 guanylylated 5′ end (cap G) Gpp(pN) 9553N pppN ϑ ϑ C10H12N5O11P2 440.0008 440.1799 hydroxy-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine ht6A 2165A A « « C15H20N6O9 428.1292 428.3541 hydroxywybutosine OHyW 34830G G ⊆ ⊆ C21O10N6H28 524.1867 524.4885 inosine I 9A A I I C10O5N4H12 268.0808 268.2295 isowyosine imG2 42G G ⊇ ⊇ C14O5N5H17 335.123 335.3202 mannosyl-queuosine manQtRNA 106G preQ0base 8 8 C23O12N5H33 571.2126 571.5423 methylated undermodified hydroxywybutosine OHyWy 3480G G y y C19H26N6O8 466.1812 466.4511 methylwyosine mimG 342G G ∑ ∑ C15O5N5H19 349.1386 349.3472 peroxywybutosine o2yW 34832G G W W C21O11N6H28 540.1816 540.4878 preQ0base preQ0base 100G (base) preQ0base ψ ψ C7O1N5H5 175.0494 175.1501 preQ1base preQ1base 101G (base) preQ0base ∇ ∇ C7O1N5H9 179.0807 179.182 pseudouridine Y 9U U P P C9O6N2H12 244.0695 244.2043 queuosine QtRNA 10G preQ0base Q Q C17O7N5H23 409.1597 409.3998 undermodified hydroxywybutosine OHyWx 3470G G š š C18O8N6H24 452.1655 452.4242 unknown methylated base Xm 0X Î Î - 0.0 0.0 unknown modification xX X @ @ - 0.0 0.0 unknown modified adenosine xA ?A A H H - 0.0 0.0 unknown modified cytidine xC ?C C < < - 0.0 0.0 unknown modified guanosine xG ?G G ; ; - 0.0 0.0 unknown modified uridine xU ?U U N N - 0.0 0.0 unknown nucleotide residue N . . - 0.0 0.0 uridine U U U U U C9O6N2H12 244.0695 244.2043 uridine 5-oxyacetic acid cmo5U 502U U V V C11O9N2H14 318.0699 318.2403 uridine 5-oxyacetic acid methyl ester mcmo5U 503U U υ υ C12O9N2H16 332.0856 332.2672 wybutosine yW 3483G G Y Y C21O9N6H28 508.1918 508.4892 wyosine imG 34G G € € C14H17N5O5 335.123 335.3202 deoxyadenosine dA dA A C10O3N5H13 251.1018 251.2424 deoxycytidine dC dC C C9O4N3H13 227.0906 227.2176 deoxyguanosine dG dG G C10O4N5H13 267.0968 267.2418 deoxyuridine dU dU U C9O5N2H12 228.0746 228.2024 thymidine dT dT U C10O5N2H14 242.0903 242.2290